AMFANI DA FENO NA AIKI A KAN ASMA A GIDAN ABINCI

Fassarar fitar da iska NO a cikin asma

An gabatar da wata hanya mai sauƙi a cikin Jagorar Ayyukan Asibiti ta Ƙungiyar Thoracic ta Amurka don fassarar FeNO:

• FeNO ƙasa da 25 ppb a cikin manya da ƙasa da 20 ppb a cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12 yana nufin rashin kumburin hanyar iska ta eosinophilic.
• Idan FeNO ya fi 50 ppb a cikin manya ko kuma ya fi 35 ppb a cikin yara, yana nuna kumburin iskar eosinophilic.
• Ya kamata a fassara ƙimar FeNO2 tsakanin 25 zuwa 50 ppb a cikin manya (20 zuwa 35 ppb a cikin yara) a hankali dangane da yanayin asibiti.
• Ƙarawar FeNO tare da canjin sama da kashi 20 cikin ɗari da kuma fiye da ppb 25 (ppb 20 a cikin yara) daga matakin da ya daɗe yana nuna ƙaruwar kumburin hanyar iska ta eosinophilic, amma akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin mutane.
• Ragewar FeNO sama da kashi 20 cikin ɗari ga ƙimar da ta wuce 50 ppb ko fiye da ppb 10 ga ƙimar da ta ƙasa da ppb 50 na iya zama mahimmanci a asibiti.

Ganewa da kuma bayyanar asma

Shirin Duniya na Asma ya ba da shawara kan amfani da FeNO don gano cutar asma, domin ba zai iya ƙaruwa ba a cikin asma mara kyau kuma yana iya ƙaruwa a cikin cututtuka banda asma, kamar su eosinophilic bronchitis ko allergy rhinitis.

A matsayin jagora ga magani

Jagororin ƙasashen duniya sun ba da shawarar amfani da matakan FeNO, ban da wasu kimantawa (misali, kulawar asibiti, tambayoyi) don jagorantar farawa da daidaita maganin kula da asma.

Amfani a cikin binciken asibiti

Nitric oxide da aka fitar yana da muhimmiyar rawa a binciken asibiti kuma wataƙila zai taimaka wajen faɗaɗa fahimtarmu game da asma, kamar abubuwan da ke haifar da ta'azzarar asma da wuraren da magunguna ke aiki don maganin asma.

A YI AMFANI DA SAURAN CUTUKAN NUFI

Ciwon huhu da kuma cystic fibrosis

Yara masu fama da cutar cystic fibrosis (CF) suna da ƙarancin matakan FeNO fiye da yadda aka tsara su. Sabanin haka, wani bincike ya gano cewa marasa lafiya da ba su da cutar CF bronchiectasis suna da matakan FeNO masu yawa, kuma waɗannan matakan suna da alaƙa da matakin rashin daidaituwa da ke bayyana akan CT na ƙirji.

Cutar huhu ta tsakiya da sarcoidosis

A wani bincike da aka yi wa marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar scleroderma, an lura da NO mai yawa da aka fitar daga iska a tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar huhu ta interstitial (ILD) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su da ILD, yayin da aka gano akasin haka a wani binciken. A cikin wani bincike da aka yi wa marasa lafiya 52 da ke fama da sarcoidosis, matsakaicin ƙimar FeNO shine 6.8 ppb, wanda ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicin maki 25 na ppb da aka yi amfani da shi don nuna kumburin asma.

Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun

FE_NOMatakan ba su da yawa sosai a cikin COPD mai karko, amma suna iya ƙaruwa tare da cututtuka masu tsanani da kuma lokacin da ake ƙara ta'azzara su. Masu shan taba a halin yanzu suna da ƙarancin FeNO kusan kashi 70 cikin ɗari. A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da COPD, matakan FeNO na iya zama da amfani wajen tabbatar da kasancewar toshewar iska da kuma tantance amsawar glucocorticoid, kodayake ba a tantance wannan ba a cikin manyan gwaje-gwajen da ba a tantance ba.

Tari nau'in asma

FENO yana da daidaiton ganewar asali wajen hasashen gano cutar tari mai kama da tari (CVA) ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tari mai tsanani. A cikin wani bita na tsari na bincike 13 (marasa lafiya na 2019), mafi kyawun lokacin yankewa ga FENO shine 30 zuwa 40 ppb (kodayake an lura da ƙananan ƙima a cikin bincike biyu), kuma taƙaitaccen yanki a ƙarƙashin lanƙwasa shine 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89). Takamaiman ya fi girma kuma ya fi daidaito fiye da yadda ake ji.

Bronchitis na eosinophilic wanda ba ya haifar da numfashi

A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bronchitis ta eosinophilic (NAEB), an ƙara yawan eosinophils na sputum da FENO a cikin kewayon da ya yi kama da na marasa lafiya da ke fama da asma. A cikin wani bita na tsari na bincike guda huɗu (marasa lafiya 390) a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da tari mai ɗorewa saboda NAEB, mafi kyawun matakan yanke FENO sune 22.5 zuwa 31.7 ppb. An kiyasta jin daɗin shine 0.72 (95% CI 0.62-0.80) kuma an kiyasta takamaiman shine 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.90). Don haka, FENO ya fi amfani don tabbatar da NAEB, fiye da ware shi.

Cututtukan numfashi na sama

A wani bincike da aka yi kan marasa lafiya da ba su da cutar huhu, cututtukan numfashi na sama sun haifar da ƙaruwar FENO.

Hawan jini na huhu

An san NO sosai a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a fannin cututtukan zuciya a cikin hawan jini na huhu (PAH). Baya ga vasodilation, NO yana daidaita yaduwar ƙwayoyin endothelial da angiogenesis, kuma yana kula da lafiyar jijiyoyin jini gaba ɗaya. Abin sha'awa, marasa lafiya da ke fama da PAH suna da ƙarancin ƙimar FENO.

Da alama FENO yana da mahimmanci a hasashen, tare da ingantaccen rayuwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da ƙaruwa a matakin FENO tare da magani (masu toshe hanyoyin calcium, epoprostenol, treprostinil) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su da shi. Don haka, ƙarancin matakan FENO a cikin marasa lafiya da PAH da haɓaka tare da ingantattun magunguna yana nuna cewa yana iya zama alamar alama mai kyau ga wannan cutar.

Matsalar ciliary ta farko

Ana samun ƙarancin sinadarin NO a hanci ko kuma babu shi a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalar ciliary (PCD). Ana tattauna amfani da sinadarin NO a hanci don tantance cutar PCD a cikin marasa lafiya da ake zargin suna da cutar PCD daban.

Wasu sharuɗɗa

Baya ga hauhawar jini a huhu, wasu yanayi da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin matakan FENO sun haɗa da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen, da kuma rashin isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin huhu, da kuma amfani da barasa, taba, maganin kafeyin, da sauran magunguna.